Myxozoa Totally Explained

Everything about The Myxozoa totally explained

The Myxozoa (etymology: Greek: myx- "slime" or "mucus" + zoa "animals") are a group of parasitic animals of aquatic environments. Over 1300 species have been described and many have a two-host lifecycle, involving a fish and an annelid worm or bryozoan. Infection occurs through valved spores. These contain one or two sporoblast cells and one or more polar capsules that contain filaments which anchor the spore to its host. The sporoblasts are then released as a motile form, called an amoebula, which penetrates the host tissues and develops into one or more multinucleate plasmodia. Certain nuclei later pair up, one engulfing another, to form new spores.

Phylogenetics

The Myxozoa were originally considered protozoan, and were included among other non-motile forms in the group Sporozoa. As their distinct nature became clear through 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, they were relocated in the metazoa. Further classification was hindered by conflicting evidence: although 18S rDNA suggested an affinity with Cnidaria, other rDNA sampled, and the HOX genes of two species, were more similar to those of the Bilateria.
The discovery that Buddenbrockia plumatellae, a worm-like parasite up to 2 mm in length (relatively large), is a myxozoan
Taxonomists now recognize the outdated subgroup Actinosporea as a life-cycle phase of Myxosporea.

Species

Some species of myxozoa include:

Class Malacosporea
- Buddenbrockia plumatellae
- Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae - an important salmon parasite.
Class Myxosporea
- Myxobolus cerebralis - an important parasite of salmon and trout.

Further Information

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